Question 1

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Accepted Answer

A)  chronic respiratory acidosis.
B)  chronic respiratory alkalosis.
C)  acute respiratory acidosis.
D)  chronic metabolic acidosis.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D) A

Question 2

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Accepted Answer

A)  intracellular
B)  intercellular
C)  extracellular
D)  interstitial
E)  vitalF) C) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Accepted Answer

A)  water
B)  sodium
C)  bicarbonate ion
D)  hydrogen ion
E)  All of the answers are correct.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  consequence of hyperventilation (for example,in fever or mental illness) 
B)  consequence of prolonged vomiting
C)  consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example,due to COP
D)  
D)  consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example,in ischemic conditions) E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer
B)  strong base
C)  strong acid
D)  cation
E)  weak baseF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Antidiuretic hormone

Accepted Answer

A)  is released from the posterior pituitary gland.
B)  stimulates water intake.
C)  stimulates water conservation by the kidneys.
D)  is produced by the hypothalamus.
E)  All of the answers are correct.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

Administration of a medication in the elderly can result in a much higher dosage than the clinician might intend because

Accepted Answer

A)  the metabolic rate in the elderly is so high.
B)  the kidneys of the elderly do not work well.
C)  the aged have less water content in the body.
D)  other medications they take might enhance the concentration of another drug.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 9

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  buffer stomach acid.
B)  buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide.
C)  limit pH changes caused by organic and fixed acids.
D)  buffer the urine.
E)  increase ventilation.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A)  sweating.
B)  the kidneys.
C)  the liver.
D)  the feces.
E)  buffers.F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 11

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to settle an upset stomach risks

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 12

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Accepted Answer

Three types of homeostasis are involved:...

Question 13

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen.
B)  hemoglobin.
C)  carbon monoxide.
D)  sodium.
E)  carbon dioxide.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH
B)  aldosterone
C)  BNP
D)  ANP
E)  epinephrineF) C) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 15

All of the following are components of ECF except

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrospinal fluid.
B)  peritoneal fluid.
C)  lymph.
D)  aqueous humor.
E)  RBCs.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

Accepted Answer

A)  potassium,chloride,and bicarbonate.
B)  sodium,potassium,and bicarbonate.
C)  sodium,potassium,and calcium.
D)  potassium,hydrogen,and chloride.
E)  proteins,potassium,and phosphate.F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium.
B)  potassium.
C)  calcium.
D)  magnesium.
E)  chloride.F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 18

Severe kidney damage,such as glomerulonephritis,often leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  respiratory acidosis.
B)  respiratory alkalosis.
C)  metabolic acidosis.
D)  metabolic alkalosis.E) None of the above
F) A) and B) C

Question 19

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Accepted Answer

A)  veins.
B)  muscles.
C)  tissues.
D)  capillaries.
E)  arteries.F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

Question 20

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  electrolyte.
B)  acid.
C)  alkali.
D)  compensation.
E)  buffer.F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 27: Fluid, electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

A person with emphysema will exhibit signs of

Correct AnswerverifiedA

About two-thirds of the body's fluid is within cells and is termed ________ fluid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who has been both vomiting and having diarrhea is losing ________ from his body.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder metabolic alkalosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A ________ consists of a combination of a weak acid and its associated anion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus will develop

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administration of a medication in the elderly can result in a much higher dosage than the clinician might intend because

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The primary role of the carbonic-acid-bicarbonate buffer system is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who consumes large amounts of sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) to settle an upset stomach risks

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Correct AnswerverifiedThree types of homeostasis are involved:...View AnswerShow Answer

Hypercapnia refers to elevated levels of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone plays a central role in determining the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are components of ECF except

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ions in highest concentration in the intracellular fluid are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The principal cation in intracellular fluid is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe kidney damage,such as glomerulonephritis,often leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Exchange between the two main subdivisions of ECF occurs primarily at the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chemical that minimizes changes in the pH of a body fluid by releasing or binding hydrogen ion is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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C

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Three types of homeostasis are involved:...
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C

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