Question 1

Our tendency to notice confirming instances but not disconfirming instances of an expected relationship contributes to

Accepted Answer

A)   illusory correlation.
B)   perceptual connectivity.
C)   the attention heuristic.
D)   the ultimate attribution error.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

A common conclusion reached by eight studies involving thousands of people is that

Accepted Answer

A)   close relationships predict health.
B)   close relationships promote stress and some forms of illness.
C)   family relationships are unrelated to health.
D)   physical health is not linked to social support.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 3

Depressed moods can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)   memories for negative events.
B)   bleak assessments of one's future performance.
C)   reciprocal depression in others.
D)   all of these choices.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   anxious laboratory rats will keep drinking alcohol until they die; counter-productive alcohol consumption
B)   people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; alcohol myopia
C)   people who are drunk often focus on an inconspicuous detail of their environment; alcohol myopia
D)   people who are drunk often focus on the most notable environmental cue; counter-productive alcohol consumptionE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Hailey is considering a new medical treatment for a terminal illness. Which treatment option is she most likely to choose?

Accepted Answer

A)   Option A that is effective but has many side-effects.
B)   Option B that has a 43% chance of survival.
C)   Option C that has a 57% chance of failure.
D)   Option D that is very experimental and may not work.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Happiness is most influenced not only just by being married, but also _________________.

Accepted Answer

A)   how long partners have been married.
B)   the quality of the marriage.
C)   the age difference between partners.
D)   if either of the partners were previously divorced.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Accepted Answer

A)   have weaker bodily immune defences.
B)   boost the morale of others via a contrast effect.
C)   also tend to be impulsive and resistant to influence.
D)   complain more but are not really sicker than optimists.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Snyder and Swann gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often test for a trait by

Accepted Answer

A)   asking those being tested for a general self-evaluation.
B)   looking for information that will contradict it.
C)   looking for information that will confirm it.
D)   All of these choices.E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Being depressed has __________ effects.

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive
B)   behavioural
C)   both A and B
D)   none of these choicesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 10

Some people are affected by minor stresses. According to Sacks and Bugental, this may be due to

Accepted Answer

A)   self-focus and self-blame.
B)   negative experiences.
C)   cognitive and behavioural consequences and depressed mood.
D)   all of these choices.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Accepted Answer

A)   the confirmation bias.
B)   the illusion of control.
C)   negative attributional style.
D)   illusory correlation.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The work of Alloy and Abramson in studying how depressives view the extent of their personal control over events provides evidence of the phenomenon known as

Accepted Answer

A)   optimistic well-being.
B)   pessimistic exaggeration.
C)   depressive realism.
D)   learned helplessness.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Clinician David Rosenhan and his colleagues faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

Accepted Answer

A)   professional clinicians quickly distinguished them from the real patients and released them from hospitalization.
B)   the clinicians sought and found evidence in their histories and behaviour to confirm their admitting diagnoses.
C)   the pseudopatients were ostracized by the hospital's real patients.
D)   the pseudopatients absorbed their "sick" roles and developed additional symptoms in the course of their treatment.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Poverty and ______________ predict lower life-expectancies.

Accepted Answer

A)   culture
B)   income inequality
C)   close relationships
D)   None of these choices.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 15

According to the text, the pervasiveness of illusory thinking points to the need for a __________________ study of thought and behaviour.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychohistorical
B)   literary
C)   scientific
D)   humanisticE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Alcohol may reduce social anxiety at a party because it

Accepted Answer

A)   makes people happy.
B)   leads to serious health consequences.
C)   restricts people's ability to think about their internal states.
D)   distracts people's attention away from concerns such as school assignments.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Ingrid and a friend of Ingrid's sometimes notice that they often feel terrific the day after their menstrual periods end. They've discussed this with each other a few times. What is the most likely explanation for their observations?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ingrid and her friend have postmenstrual syndrome.
B)   Ingrid and her friend are simply not noticing instances that confirm their beliefs.
C)   Ingrid and her friend are simply noticing instances that disconfirm their beliefs.
D)   Ingrid and her friend have premenstrual syndrome.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following is an interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioural and medical knowledge about health and disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   health psychology
B)   behavioural medicine
C)   applied psychology
D)   clinical psychologyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine defines

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical psychology
B)   psychiatry
C)   behavioural analysis
D)   health psychologyE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Chronically self-conscious people tend to blame _________________ for their poor social relationships and incidental events.

Accepted Answer

A)   their parents and early childhood experiences
B)   the uncaring attitudes of those presently around them
C)   themselves
D)   cultural patternsE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 14: Social Psychology in the Clinic

Research indicates that when interviewers are instructed to test for a trait, they tend to ask questions that show evidence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The work of Alloy and Abramson in studying how depressives view the extent of their personal control over events provides evidence of the phenomenon known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chronically self-conscious people tend to blame _________________ for their poor social relationships and incidental events.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioural medicine defines

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some people are affected by minor stresses. According to Sacks and Bugental, this may be due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Snyder and Swann gave interviewers some hypotheses to test concerning individuals' traits, and found that people often test for a trait by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Being depressed has __________ effects.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clinician David Rosenhan and his colleagues faked schizophrenic symptoms to infiltrate mental hospitals. Once they had been admitted and no longer complained of any fake symptoms,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Happiness is most influenced not only just by being married, but also _________________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poverty and ______________ predict lower life-expectancies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, the pervasiveness of illusory thinking points to the need for a __________________ study of thought and behaviour.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol may reduce social anxiety at a party because it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Depressed moods can lead to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Steele and Josephs found that ___________ and they called this effect ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research investigating the nature of the connection between explanatory style and health has shown that people who routinely use the pessimistic style

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A common conclusion reached by eight studies involving thousands of people is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an interdisciplinary field that integrates and applies behavioural and medical knowledge about health and disease?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Our tendency to notice confirming instances but not disconfirming instances of an expected relationship contributes to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hailey is considering a new medical treatment for a terminal illness. Which treatment option is she most likely to choose?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ingrid and a friend of Ingrid's sometimes notice that they often feel terrific the day after their menstrual periods end. They've discussed this with each other a few times. What is the most likely explanation for their observations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Steele and Josephs found that _ and they called this effect __.

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